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House of Lippe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
House of Lippe
CountryPrincipality of Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe
Founded1123
FounderBernhard I
Current headStephan, Prince of Lippe
Final rulerLeopold IV
TitlesLord, Count, Prince
Deposition1918
Cadet branchesLippe-Biesterfeld
Lippe-Weissenfeld
Schaumburg-Lippe
The princely castle at Detmold
Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld in 1942

The House of Lippe (German: Haus Lippe) is the former reigning house of a number of small German states, two of which existed until the German Revolution of 1918–19, the Principality of Lippe and the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.

Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, former Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013), is an agnatic member of this house.

History

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The House of Lippe descends from Jodocus Herman, Lord of Lippe (died c. 1096), whose descendant Bernhard I was the founder of the state of Lippe in 1123. Born ca 1090. The family has produced several of the longest-reigning monarchs in Europe, including the longest reigning (for 82 years), Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe (d. 1511). In 1528, Simon V was elevated to the rank of ruling Count of the Holy Roman Empire and Edler Herr zur Lippe (noble Lord of Lippe).[1]

In 1613, the House's territory was split into the counties of Lippe-Detmold, Lippe-Brake and Lippe-Alverdissen. In 1643, Count Philipp of Lippe-Alverdissen inherited half of the neighboring County of Schaumburg and founded the Schaumburg-Lippe line of the House of Lippe. The Brake branch extinguished in 1709, disputedly inherited by the main, Lippe-Detmold line. Alverdissen was bought back from Schaumburg-Lippe by Lippe-Detmold in 1812. In the 18th century, the cadet line of Lippe-Biesterfeld split from the Detmold branch, and shortly thereafter Lippe-Weissenfeld split from Lippe-Biesterfeld as a further cadet branch. Both, Biesterfeld and Weissenfeld were so-called paragiums (non-sovereign estates of a cadet-branch) within the County of Lippe. Both branches, owning only modest manor houses in the county, acquired other (non-sovereign) property by marriage and moved out of the county in the late 18th century, the Biesterfeld branch to the Rhineland, and the Weissenfeld branch to Saxony, where their inherited estates were mostly located.

The counts of Lippe-Detmold were granted the title of Imperial prince in 1789, while the counts of Schaumburg-Lippe became in fact princes by entering the Confederation of the Rhine in 1807 and legally by becoming a member state of the German Confederation in 1815.

The Principality of Lippe existed until the end of the German monarchies in 1918. In 1905, with the death of Alexander, Prince of Lippe, the senior Lippe-Detmold branch of the family became extinct and Count Leopold of Lippe-Biesterfeld (head of the non-ruling junior branch line Lippe-Biesterfeld) succeeded him as Prince, after an Imperial court ruling, in fact against the wishes of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, who would have preferred his brother-in-law Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe to succeed. Leopold IV continued to rule until the German Revolution of 1918. During the revolution, the ruling Princes of Lippe and Schaumburg-Lippe were forced to abdicate, ending the family's 795-year rule. In 1928, Prince Leopold's three sons by his first wife signed up to the Nazi Party. The eldest, Prince Ernst, was reputedly the first German prince to do so.[2]

In 1937, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld married Princess Juliana of the Netherlands. On the accession of their daughter Beatrix in 1980, the Netherlands Royal House officially remained known as the House of Orange-Nassau, although Beatrix and her sisters are agnatically members of the House of Lippe.

Stephan, Prince of Lippe (b. 1959) is the present senior of the House of Lippe. He still owns the estate and castle at Detmold, the former main residence of the principality. Alexander, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, head of the younger formerly sovereign branch, still resides at Bückeburg Palace, Lower Saxony, located on the border with North Rhine Westphalia.

States ruled by the House of Lippe

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Non-ruling cadet branches

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Rulers of Lippe

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Partitions of Lippe under Lippe rule

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County of Sternberg
pledged by
Holstein (1400)
Lordship of Lippe
(1123-1528)
Raised to:
County of Lippe
(1528-1613)
County of
Sternberg
(1559-1583) 		      
      
County of
Schauenburg
(1613-1787)
Lippe-Alverdissen line
from 1777 		County of
Detmold
(1613-1782) 		County of
Brake
(1613-1709)
County of
Biesterfeld
(1627-1905) 		      
County of
Weissenfeld
(1762-1916)

Raised to:
Principality of
Weissenfeld
(1916-1918) 		      
       County of
Alverdissen
(1681-1777)
      
County promoted to
Principality of
Schaumburg
(1787-1918) 		Raised to:
Principality
of Lippe
(1782-1918)
Lippe-Biesterfeld line
from 1905
      

Table of rulers

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Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling part Consort Notes
Bernard I c.1090 1123-1158 1158 Lordship of Lippe Unknown
at least one child		 First recorded lord of Lippe, and possible founder of the family.
Herman I ? 1158-1167 1167 Lordship of Lippe Unknown
at least two children		 Grandson of the previous lord.
Bernard II 1140 1167-1196 1224 Lordship of Lippe Heilwig of Are-Hochstaden
(1150-1196)
eleven children		 Brother of the previous. Also Lord of Rheda. Abdicated to become an abbot at the Latvian monastery of Daugavgrīva. Eventually he was appointed Bishop at Sēlija in 1218.
Herman II 1175 1196-1229 25 December 1229 Lordship of Lippe Oda of Tecklenburg
(1180-5 April 1221)
seven children
Bernard III 1194 1229-1265 1265 Lordship of Lippe Sophia of Cuijck-Arnsberg
(1210-1245)
c.1230
five children

Sophie of Ravensberg-Vechta
(1220-1285)
1248
four children
Bernard IV c.1230 1265-1275 June 1275 Lordship of Lippe
(at Horn)		 Agnes of Clèves
(1232-1 August 1285)
1260
two children 		Sons of Bernard III, disputed the inheritance and briefly divided the lordship: Bernard kept Horn and the eastern part of the land; Herman received Lippstadt, Rheda and the western part.
Herman III 1233 1265-1274 3 October 1274 Lordship of Lippe
(at Lippstadt)		 Unmarried
Simon I 1261 1274/75-1344 3 August 1344 Lordship of Lippe Adelaide of Waldeck
24 November 1276
eleven children		 Reunited the lordship, but it would be once more divided between his children.
Simon II c.1280/1300? 1334 1334 Lordship of Lippe Unmarried His situation is not very clear. Despite dying before his father, he is stated as co-ruling with his brothers below.
Bernard V c.1290 1344-1364 1364 Lordship of Lippe
(at Rheda)		 Richardis of the Mark
16 October 1344
four children 		Sons of Simon I, after the death of their brother Simon not long after their father, the surviving brothers briefly divided the lordship: Bernard kept Rheda and Otto received Lemgo, Rheda
Otto 1300 1344-1360 January 1360 Lordship of Lippe
(at Lemgo)		 Irmgard of the Mark
(c.1300-1 August 1362)
4 March 1323
five children
Simon III 1340 1360/64-1410 1410 Lordship of Lippe Irmgard of Hoya
(1344-1422)
1362
ten children		 Reunited the lands of Lippe once more.
Bernard VI 1363 1410-1415 19 January 1415 Lordship of Lippe Margaret of Waldeck-Landau
(1363-21 February 1395)
28 June 1393
no children

Elisabeth of Mörs-Saarwerden
11 May 1403
four children
Simon IV 1404 1415-1429 11 August 1429 Lordship of Lippe Margaret of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
(1411-31 October 1456)
1426
five children
Regencies of Otto of Lippe (1429-1433) and Dietrich II, Archbishop of Cologne (1433-1446) Holds the record of the longest rule in history. Lord since he was less than one year old, he became known as having been involved in many feuds.
Bernard VII the Bellicose

 4 December 1428 1429-1511 2 April 1511 Lordship of Lippe Anna of Holstein-Pinneberg
(1428-23 September 1495)
15 September 1443
seven children
Simon V 1471 1511-1536 17 September 1536 Lordship of Lippe
(until 1528)
County of Lippe
(from 1528)		 Walpurgis of Bronckhorst
(d.21 December 1522)
27 March 1490
one child

Magdalena of Mansfeld-Mittelort
(c.1500-22 September 1540)
16 March 1524
Detmold
four children		 During his rule, the Lordship was elevated to a County.
Regencies of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (1536-1547), Jobst II, Count of Hoya (1536-1545) and Adolphus XIII, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg (1536-1544) Sons of Simon V, both were minors by the time their father died. Bernard kept Lippe and Herman Simon received the feudal land of Sternberg. Herman Simon would become regent of his nephew, Simon VI.
Bernard VIII 6 December 1527 1536-1563 15 April 1563 County of Lippe Catherine of Waldeck-Eisenberg
(1524-1583)
1550
five children
Herman Simon 1532 1532-1576 4 June 1576 County of Lippe-Sternberg Ursula of Spiegelberg-Pyrmont
(1526-16 March 1583)
18 May 1558
Pyrmont
two children
Regency of Herman Simon, Count of Lippe-Sternberg (1563-1576) His marriage brought the county of Schaumburg (one of the last feuds of the counts of Holstein) into the family's domains. After Simon's death, the county entered into a more permanent division.
Simon VI 15 April 1554 1563-1613 7 December 1613 County of Lippe Armgard, Countess of Rietberg
1578
no children

Elisabeth of Holstein-Pinneberg
1585
ten children
Regency of Ursula of Spiegelberg-Pyrmont (1576-1578) His early and childless death brought Sternberg once again under Lippe control.
Philip 5 October 1560 1576-1583 11 February 1583 County of Lippe-Sternberg Unmarried
Annexation to Lippe
Simon VII 30 December 1587 1613-1627 26 March 1627 County of Lippe-Detmold Anna Catharina of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
(4 December 1590 - 6 January 1622)
6 May 1607
Brake
twelve children

Maria Magdalena of Waldeck-Wildungen
(27 April 1606 - 28 May 1671)
27 April 1623
three children 		Sons of Simon VI, divided the county once more. Simon kept his capital at Detmold; Otto received Brake, and Philip, Alverdissen. Following the annexation of the county of Schauenburg after the extinction of the House of Schauenburg in 1640 (the Lippes were heirs through the mother of the last count), Philip joined this new county to his inheritance.
Otto 21 September 1589 1613-1657 18 November 1657 County of Lippe-Brake Margaret of Nassau-Dillenburg
(5 September 1606 - 30 January 1661)
30 October 1626
Dillenburg
twelve children
Philip I 18 July 1601 1613-1681 10 April 1681 County of Lippe-Alverdissen
(until 1640)
County of Schaumburg-Lippe
(from 1640)		 Sophie of Hesse-Kassel
13 October 1644
Stadthagen
ten children
Regency of Christian, Count of Waldeck-Pyrmont (1627-1631) Sons of Simon VII, and both minors. Simon Louis kept Detmold, under his step-grandfather, the Count of Waldeck-Pyrmont, and his half-brother received Biesterfeld, under his own mother's regency.
Simon Louis 14 March 1610 1627-1636 8 August 1636 County of Lippe-Detmold Catherine of Waldeck-Wildungen
(20 October 1612 - 24 November 1649)
19 June 1631
Wildungen
three children
Regency of Maria Magdalena of Waldeck-Pyrmont (1627-1654)
Jobst Herman 9 February 1625 1627-1678 6 July 1678 Lordship of Lippe-Biesterfeld
(at Schwalenberg until 1654; at Biesterfeld since 1654)		 Juliane Elisabeth of Sayn-Wittgenstein
(4 October 1634 - 23 June 1689)
10 October 1654
Wittgenstein
twenty children
Regencies of Christian, Count of Waldeck-Pyrmont (1636-1637) and Catherine of Waldeck-Wildungen (1637-1650) Died with no descendants. The county fell to his uncle.
Simon Philip 6 April 1632 1636-1650 19 June 1650 County of Lippe-Detmold Unmarried
John Bernard 18 October 1613 1650-1652 10 June 1652 County of Lippe-Detmold Unmarried Brother of Simon Louis, also had no descendants.
Herman Adolphus 31 January 1616 1652-1666 10 October 1666 County of Lippe-Detmold Ernestina von Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein
(9 February 1614 - 5 December 1665)
1648
four children

Amalia of Lippe-Brake
(20 September 1629 - 19 August 1676)
27 February 1666
no children		 Brother of the previous.
Casimir 22 July 1627 1657-1692 12 March 1700 County of Lippe-Brake Anna Amalia of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Homburg
(6 December 1641 - 27 March 1685)
28 May 1663
Nymbrecht
nine children		 In 1692, he abdicated to his eldest son.
Simon Henry 13 March 1649 1666-1697 2 May 1697 County of Lippe-Detmold Amalia of Dohna-Vianen
(2 February 1644 - 11 March 1700)
15 December 1666
The Hague
sixteen children
Regency of Juliane Elisabeth of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1678-1689)
Rudolph Ferdinand 17 March 1671 1678-1736 12 July 1736 Lordship of Lippe-Biesterfeld Juliana Louisa von Kunowitz
(21 August 1671 - 21 October 1741)
22 February 1705
Halle
eight children
Frederick Christian 16 August 1655 1681-1728 13 June 1728 County of Schaumburg-Lippe Joanna Sophia of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
4 January 1691
Langenburg
(annulled 1723)
six children 		Sons of Philip I, divided their inheritance: Frederick Christian kept Schaumburg, and Philip Ernest received Alverdissen (the land of his father prior to the inheritance of the County of Schaumburg).
Philip Ernest I 20 December 1659 1681-1723 27 November 1723 County of Lippe-Alverdissen Dorothea Amalia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
31 December 1686
Beck
seven children
Rudolph 10 May 1664 1692-1707 27 October 1707 County of Lippe-Brake Dorothea Elisabeth of Waldeck-Wildungen
(6 July 1661 - 23 July 1702)
4 November 1691
Kleinern
one child		 Left no surviving descendants. The county passed to his cousin.
Frederick Adolphus 2 September 1667 1697-1718 18 July 1718 County of Lippe-Detmold Joanna Elizabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg-Schaumburg
(5 September 1663 - 8 February 1700)
16 June 1692
Schaumburg
six children

Amalia of Solms-Hohensolms
(13 October 1678 - 14 February 1746)
8 June 1700
Hohensolms
seven children
Louis Ferdinand 27 September 1680 1707-1709 21 February 1709 County of Lippe-Brake Unmarried Son of Frederick, a younger brother of Casimir. After his childless death Brake reverted to Lippe.
Annexation to Lippe
Simon Henry Adolphus 15 April 1554 1718-1734 7 December 1613 County of Lippe-Detmold Johanetta Wilhelmina of Nassau-Idstein
(14 September 1700 - 2 June 1756)16 October 1719
Wiesbaden
eleven children
Frederick Ernest 20 December 1694 1723-1749 28 August 1749 County of Lippe-Alverdissen Elisabeth Philippine von Friesenhausen
(19 August 1696 - 4 August 1764)
27 September 1722
Rebourg
eleven children
Albert Wolfgang 27 April 1699 1728-1748 24 September 1648 County of Schaumburg-Lippe Margarete Gertrud of Oeynhausen
(9 April 1698 - 8 April 1726)
30 October 1721
London
two children

Charlotte Frederica of Nassau-Siegen
(30 November 1702 - 22 July 1785)
26 April 1730
Varel
no children
Regency of Johanetta Wilhelmina of Nassau-Idstein (1734-1747)
Simon Augustus 12 June 1727 1734-1782 1 May 1782 County of Lippe-Detmold Polyxena Louise of Nassau-Weilburg
(27 January 1733 - 27 September 1764)
24 August 1750
Kirchheimbolanden
one child

Maria Leopoldine of Anhalt-Dessau
28 September 1765
Dessau
one child

Casimire of Anhalt-Dessau
9 November 1769
Dessau
one child

Christine of Solms-Braunfels
(30 August 1744 - 16 December 1823)
26 March 1780
Braunfels
no children
Frederick Charles Augustus 20 January 1706 1736-1781 31 July 1781 Lordship of Lippe-Biesterfeld
(until 1762)
County of Lippe-Biesterfeld
(until 1762)		 Barbara Eleonora of Solms-Baruth
(30 October 1707 - 16 June 1744)
7 May 1732
Baruth
eight children 		Sons of Rudolph Ferdinand. Frederick Charles ascended after his father's death, and, during his rule, the Lordship was elevated to a County. In this same year (1762), he gave Weissenfelf to his brother Ferdinand Louis.
Ferdinand I Louis 22 August 1709 1762-1787 18 January 1787 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld Ernestine Henriette of Solms-Baruth
(23 May 1712 - 17 November 1769)
2 November 1736
Baruth
nine children
William 9 January 1724 1748-1777 10 September 1777 County of Schaumburg-Lippe Maria Barbara Eleonore of Lippe-Biesterfeld
12 November 1765
Stadthagen
two children		 Left no surviving descendants. The county passed to his cousin from the Alverdissen line.
Philip II Ernest II 5 July 1720 1749-1777 13 February 1787 County of Lippe-Alverdissen Ernestine Albertine of Saxe-Weimar
6 May 1756
Weimar
four children

Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal
10 October 1780
Philippsthal
four children 		After the death of the last male representative of the Schaumburg-Lippe line, he assumed the reins of this County, probably even merging his own with the recently acquired property.
1777-1787 County of Schaumburg-Lippe
Annexation to Schaumburg-Lippe
Charles Ernest Casimir 2 November 1735 1781-1810 19 November 1810 County of Lippe-Biesterfeld Ferdinanda Henrietta Dorothea of Bentheim-Tecklenburg
(24 August 1737 - 23 April 1779)
16 October 1769
Rheda
five children
Regency of Louis Henry Adolph of Lippe-Detmold (1782-1789) During his rule, the County was elevated to a Principality.
Leopold I 2 December 1767 1782-1802 4 April 1802 County of Lippe-Detmold
(until 1789)
Principality of Lippe
(from 1789)		 Pauline Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg
2 January 1796
Ballenstedt
two children
Regency of Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal (1787-1820) During his rule, the County was elevated to a Principality.
George William 20 December 1784 1787-1860 21 November 1860 County of Schaumburg-Lippe
(until 1807)
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
(from 1807)		 Ida of Waldeck-Pyrmont
23 June 1816
Arolsen
nine children
Frederick John Louis 2 September 1737 1787-1791 14 May 1791 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld Maria Eleonora von Gersdorf
(1 September 1752 - 3 December 1772)
21 February 1772
Milkel
one child

Wilhelmina von Hoenthal
(19 February 1748 - 8 December 1789)
28 August 1775
Debernitz
five children
Ferdinand II 20 November 1772 1791-1846 21 June 1846 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld Eleonora Gustava von Thermo
(19 October 1789 - 23 February 1868)
23 November 1804
Lipten
seven children
Regency of Pauline Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg (1802-1820)
Leopold II 6 November 1796 1802-1851 1 January 1851 Principality of Lippe Emilia Frederica of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
(23 April 1800 - 2 April 1867)
23 April 1820
Arnstadt
nine children
William Ernest 15 April 1777 1810-1840 8 January 1840 County of Lippe-Biesterfeld Dorothea Christina Modesta von Umru
(29 April 1781 - 29 September 1854)
26 July 1803
Bayreuth
nine children
Julius 2 April 1812 1840-1884 17 May 1884 County of Lippe-Biesterfeld Adelaide Clotilda Augusta of Kastell-Kastell
(18 June 1818 - 11 July 1900)
30 April 1839
Kastell
fourteen children
Gustav 21 August 1805 1846-1882 17 June 1882 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld Ida of Lippe-Weissenfeld
(16 January 1819 - 18 March 1878)
21 August 1848
Niedergurig
seven children
Leopold III 1 September 1821 1851-1875 8 December 1875 Principality of Lippe Elisabeth of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
(1 October 1833 - 27 November 1896)
17 April 1852
Rudolstadt
no children		 Left no descendants. The principality fell to his brother.
Adolphus I 1 August 1817 1860-1893 8 May 1893 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe Hermine of Waldeck-Pyrmont
25 October 1844
Arolsen
three children
Woldemar 18 April 1824 1875-1895 20 March 1895 Principality of Lippe Sophie of Baden
9 November 1858
Karlsruhe
no children		 Left no descendants. The principality fell to his brother.
Ferdinand III 6 October 1844 1882-1900 11 April 1900 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld Margarete von Winterfeld
(17 September 1858 - 11 July 1903)
no children		 Left no children. The county passed to his cousin, Clemens.
Ernest 9 June 1842 1884-1904 26 September 1904 County of Lippe-Biesterfeld Karoline of Wartensleben
16 September 1869
Neudorf
six children		 Held regency to the Principality of Lippe due to the mental illness of his relative and actual prince, Alexander.
George 10 October 1846 1893-1911 29 April 1911 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg
16 April 1882
Altenburg
nine children
Regencies of Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1895-1904) and Leopold, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1904-1905) Had a mental illness, so he never fully assumed he reins of the principality, which was assumed by his cousin from the Lippe-Biesterfeld line. After his death, his regent became the new prince.
Alexander 16 January 1831 1895-1905 13 January 1905 Principality of Lippe Unmarried
Clemens 15 July 1860 1900-1918 29 April 1920 County of Lippe-Weissenfeld
(until 1916)
Principality of Lippe-Weissenfeld
(from 1916)		 Friederike von Carlowitz
7 January 1901
Proschwitz
two children		 Grandson of Christian, a brother of Ferdinand II. In 1918, he abdicated following the dissolution of the monarchy.
Leopold IV 30 May 1871 1904-1905 30 December 1949 County of Lippe-Biesterfeld Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
(25 October 1874 - 19 February 1919)
16 August 1901
Rotenburg
five children

Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen
16 April 1922
Büdingen
one child 		From the Lippe-Biesterfeld line. After the death of the last male representative of the Lippe-Detmold line, he assumed the reins of the Principality of Lippe, probably even merging his own county with the recently acquired principality. In 1918, he abdicated following the dissolution of the monarchy. In addition to being pro Nazis, both his eldest sons (Ernst and Chlodwig) had contracted unequal marriages. So in 1947, when Leopold wrote his will, Armin, his youngest son and only child with his second wife, would succeed him as head of the House of Lippe. One of Leopold's nephews, Bernhard, became the consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.
1905-1918 Principality of Lippe
Annexation to Lippe
Adolphus II 23 February 1883 1911-1918 26 March 1936 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe Ellen Bischoff-Korthaus
(6 November 1894 - 26 March 1936)
10 January 1920
Berlin
no children		 In 1918, he abdicated following the dissolution of the monarchy. Died in a plane crash.

See also

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Castles of the House of Lippe

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References

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  1. ^ http://w.genealogy.euweb.cz/lippe/lippe2.html
  2. ^ www.historyfiles.co.uk
[edit]
  • Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy of the House of Lippe". Genealogy.EU.
  • Regnal chronology of Lippe
— Royal house —
House of Lippe
New title Ruling House of Lippe
1123–1918 		Declared a
Republic
Ruling House of Schaumburg-Lippe
1643–1918
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